
The basic idea of coal flow control is the speed control of a conveyor belt (approx. 3m long)that is feeding coal to the coal pulveriser. A variable speed drive ( typically a fixed speed induction motor coupled to a magnetic clutch) is a prime mover of the conveyor belt. A roller at mid length of the conveyor belt supports two load-cells suspended vertically from either side of the conveyor belt. The speed of the drive is measured by a tachogenerator.
x = load-cell signal (in mV)
f(x) = mass of coal on per unit length of the conveyor belt (Kg/m)
y = Speed of the drive ( in rpm)
f(y) = speed of the conveyor belt ( in m/s)
Now computation of coal flow measurement is done as
Coal flow = f(x) * f(y)
(Kg/s) (Kg/m) (m/s)
The coal flow is achieved as follows

It is to be understood that inorder to maintain the required the coal-flow, we measure the existing coal-flow and adjust the conveyor belt speed to achieve the desired coal flow.The demand (or required coal-flow) is generally given by the plant Distributed Control System which takes into account the power demand of the grid and other boiler parameters.
The signal conditioning of the measured signals and computation of control voltage to the Variable speed drive (typically a eddy-current clutch) is done as shown below

Details of Eddy current clutch (ECC)
The ECC is a electromechanical device which uses the principle of magnetic clutch to control the speed of the conveyor belt.


Conversely , as the DC voltage to the magnetizing coil decreases, the magnetic coupling between the upper and the lower assy weakens and although the upper assy rotates at a fixed speed , the lower assy lags behind and its speed decreases.This reduces the speed of the conveyor belt and hence the coal flow.
Calibration of Gravimetric Feeders
The Gravimetric coal feeders calculates the coal flow by measuring the instantaneous weight of coal on the coal-belt.For this the load-cell output (in mV) must be correlated with a standard weight.For this purpose we subject the load-cells to a standard weight and run the empty belt.In this condition the tachogenerators are measuring the speed of the belt .Simultaneously the speed of the belt is also measured by a photo-pickup method (another alternative speed measurement method ) .
Imp.note : All these measured quantities are stored in the microprocessor as raw-counts converted into HEX numbers
Now
Reference coal-flow= Load-cell signal for std.weight x speed of belt
(raw-counts) (as measured by photo-pick up method)
Measured coal-flow = Load-cell signal for std.weight x speed of belt
(raw-counts) (as measured by tachogenerator)
Deviation = Reference-Measured
This Deviation has to be less than a user-selectable allowable deviation ( generally 0.01%).If the deviation is more, then belt-tightness,load-cell alignment etc has to be adjusted and calibration has to be re-performed.
Also a raw-count co-relation factor (m) is estimated as
m = Reference coal-flow (Kg/s) / Reference coal-flow (raw-counts)
Also during the calibration process the load-cell signal (in terms of raw counts) is compared for the coal belt empty condition and for the standard weight engaged on the load-cells condition.This gives the tare-weight (in raw-counts ) for the empty belt.Let us call this tare-weight constant as c.
The values of m and c are stored in the microprocessor.
During normal operation of the coal-feeder , the coal-flow is calculated as
y = mx+ (- c)
x= measured coal-flow raw counts
y= measured coal-flow ( Kg/s)
Imp.note : All these measured quantities are stored in the microprocessor as raw-counts converted into HEX numbers
Now
Reference coal-flow= Load-cell signal for std.weight x speed of belt
(raw-counts) (as measured by photo-pick up method)
Measured coal-flow = Load-cell signal for std.weight x speed of belt
(raw-counts) (as measured by tachogenerator)
Deviation = Reference-Measured
This Deviation has to be less than a user-selectable allowable deviation ( generally 0.01%).If the deviation is more, then belt-tightness,load-cell alignment etc has to be adjusted and calibration has to be re-performed.
Also a raw-count co-relation factor (m) is estimated as
m = Reference coal-flow (Kg/s) / Reference coal-flow (raw-counts)
Also during the calibration process the load-cell signal (in terms of raw counts) is compared for the coal belt empty condition and for the standard weight engaged on the load-cells condition.This gives the tare-weight (in raw-counts ) for the empty belt.Let us call this tare-weight constant as c.
The values of m and c are stored in the microprocessor.
During normal operation of the coal-feeder , the coal-flow is calculated as
y = mx+ (- c)
x= measured coal-flow raw counts
y= measured coal-flow ( Kg/s)
---------- to be continued
Protection and Interlocks of Gravimetric feeders
Problems of Gravimetric feeders
Ashish, \Nice effort.We can improvise the content by adding types of Coal pulerizer and controls.
ReplyDeleteI will update you on this.
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ReplyDeleteHave u published the next topics?
ReplyDeleteProtection and Interlocks of Gravimetric feeders
Problems of Gravimetric feeders?